Cannabinoids and gynecological pain
Transforming Gynecological Pain Care – Spotlight on Endometriosis
Gynecological pain is common in women of all ages and occurs in conditions such as endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain and primary dysmenorrhea [1]. Conventional approaches to treating such pain have often proven inadequate, prompting researchers and healthcare professionals to seek alternative adjunctive therapies. The exploration of cannabinoids could be a step forward in gynecological pain management to provide women with individualized and effective add-on therapies for managing their pain and improving their overall well-being.
Understanding Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids, including THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), interact with the endocannabinoid system in the human body. This system plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including the perception of pain [2]. The potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on gynecological pain have sparked interest in their use as an adjunct to conventional treatments.
Chronic Pelvic Pain Conditions, focus on Endometriosis
Chronic abdominal pain, such as endometriosis, is a major challenge for women’s health. Widespread pain, especially in the lower abdomen, as well as fatigue, sleep disturbances and cognitive disorders accompany those affected [3]. Endometriosis patients often express dissatisfaction with current treatment approaches, with only 25% considering their symptom control to be satisfactory. There are studies suggesting that cannabinoids have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties that could benefit people suffering from endometriosis [1]. The phytocannabinoids from cannabis not only interact with the CB1 and CB2 receptors to exert an analgesic effect but can also indirectly relieve pain by triggering anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Further analgesic effects of cannabinoids are also suspected, particularly in endometriosis, which are induced by antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative processes [1].
Potential Benefits of cannabinoids
Potential benefits of cannabinoids in gynecologic pain management include a favorable side effect profile compared to some conventional medications [1,4]. However, challenges such as standardization of dosing, long-term safety and regulatory considerations highlight the need for further research, particularly with regard to specific use in endometriosis.
References:
1 – Sinclair, J., Abbott, J., Proudfoot, A., & Armour, M. (2023). The Place of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Gynecological Pain. Drugs, 83(17), 1571–1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-023-01951-z
2 – Dingermann T. (2021). Grundlagen der Pharmakologie von Cannabinoiden. Schmerzmedizin, 37(Suppl 1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00940-021-3139-9
3 – Kaltsas, G., & Tsiveriotis, K. (2023). Fibromyalgia. In K. R. Feingold (Eds.) et. al., Endotext. MDText.com, Inc.
4 – Armour, M., Sinclair, J., Chalmers, K. J., & Smith, C. A. (2019). Cannabis use, a self-management strategy among Australian women with Endometriosis: Results From a National Online Survey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. https://www.jogc.com/article/S1701-2163(19)30808-4/fulltext
